Trend Of Water Quality Status In Kelantan River Downstream, Peninsular Malaysia

Arniza Fitri(1*), Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud(2), Dian Pratiwi(3), Arlina Phelia(4), Farli Rossi(5), Nur Zukrina Zuhairi(6)

(1) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, Bandar Lampung
(2) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor
(3) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, Bandar Lampung
(4) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, Bandar Lampung
(5) Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, Bandar Lampung
(6) Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor
(*) Corresponding Author

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jrs.16.3.178-184.2020

Copyright (c) 2020 Arniza Fitri, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Dian Pratiwi, Arlina Phelia, Farli Rossi, Nur Zukrina Zuhairi

Abstract


The issues of freshwater pollutions and the high demand of clean freshwater for daily human activities have forced developing countries such as Malaysia to continuously monitor the quality of the freshwater. The present study objective is to present the trend of water quality status in the Kelantan River downstream, Peninsular Malaysia from 2005 to 2018. Water samples were collected during dry and monsoon seasons from a sampling station located at downstream of the Kelantan River. Water quality parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured in situ while other parameters were analysed in the laboratory based on retrieved water samples. Water quality status was determined based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) for River in Malaysia by calculating the water quality index (WQI) according to the concentration of six water quality parameters involving pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (TSS) and Ammonia Nitrogen (AN). The results showed that Kelantan River had good water quality during the dry season classified in Class II at 2005. The water quality was found to be slightly lower during the monsoon season in year 2006. In addition, increasing the number of construction, human activities in the land use areas, land use changes and the sewage water from domestic, industrial, wet market and food outlets in the Kelantan State have declined the water quality in Kelantan River from Class II (in 2005) to Class III (in 2010 and 2011) and to become Class IV in 2017 to 2018. The results of the present study are expected to give valuable information for the water managers in order to deal with better strategies in controlling the quality of freshwater at the Kelantan River and minimize the incidence of pollution-oriented problems, thus the water can be utilized for various water uses with appropriate quality.

Keywords


Kelantan River; water quality status; WQI; water quality parameters

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdul Maulud, K. N., Fitri, A., Wan Mohtar, W. H. M., Wan Mohd Jaafar, W.S., Zuhairi, N.Z., Kamarudin, M. K. . (2020). A Study of Spatial and Water Quality Index During dry and rainy seasons at Kelantan River Basin, Peninsular Malaysia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences (Accepted, 14th December 2020).

Afroz, R., Masud, M. M., Akhtar, R., & Duasa, J. B. (2014). Water pollution: Challenges and future direction for water resource management policies in malaysia. Environment and Urbanization ASIA. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425314521544

Ahmad, A. K., Mushrifah, I., & Shuhaimi-Othman, M. (2009). Water quality and heavy metal concentrations in sediment of Sungai Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia: A baseline study. Sains Malaysiana.

Amneera, W. A., Najib, N. W. A. Z., Mohd Yusof, S. R., & Ragunathan, S. (2013). Water quality index of Perlis River, Malaysia. International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering.

APHA. (2017). Standard Methods for examination of water and wastewater. In American Public Health Association (APHA).

Camara, M., Jamil, N. R., & Abdullah, A. F. Bin. (2019). Impact of land uses on water quality in Malaysia: a review. In Ecological Processes. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0164-x

Chapman, D. (1996). Groundwater Pollution - Developments in Water Science. Water Quality Assessments - A Guide to Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring - Second Edition Edited.

Department of Environment. (2014). Malaysia Environmental Quality Report. Department of Environment , Malaysia.

Fulazzaky, M. A., Seong, T. W., & Masirin, M. I. M. (2010). Assessment of water quality status for the selangor river in Malaysia. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0056-2

HACH, C. (2007). DR 2800 Spectrophotometer User Manual. Hach Company.

Hee, Y. Y., Suratman, S., & Aziz, A. A. (2019). Water Quality and Heavy Metals Distribution in Surface Water of the Kelantan River Basin (Malaysia). Oriental Journal Of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350402

Juahir, H., Zain, S. M., Yusoff, M. K., Hanidza, T. I. T., Armi, A. S. M., Toriman, M. E., & Mokhtar, M. (2011). Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1411-x

Kamarudin, M. K. A., Nalado, A. M., Toriman, M. E., Juahir, H., Umar, R., Ismail, A., Abd Wahab, N., Md Saad, M. H., Maulud, K. N., Hanafiah, M. M., Mohd Saudi, A. S., & Harith, H. (2019). Evolution of river geomorphology to water quality impact using remotesensing and GIS technique. Desalination and Water Treatment. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.23838

Lai, S. H., & Fitri, A. (2011). Application of SWAT Hydrological Model to Upper Bernam River Basin (UBRB), Malaysia. IUP Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(2).

Ma’arof, N., & Hua, A. K. (2015). Kualiti Air Sungai UTM : Satu Penilaian Awal Berpandukan Enam Parameter Indeks Kualiti Air.

Mokhtar, M. Bin, Aris, A. Z., Abdullah, M. H., Yusoff, M. K., Abdullah, M. P., Idris, A. R., & Raja Uzir, R. I. (2009). A pristine environment and water quality in perspective: Maliau Basin, Borneo’s mysterious world. Water and Environment Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2008.00139.x

Peck Yen, T., & Rohasliney, H. (2013). Status of water quality subject to sand mining in the Kelantan River, Kelantan. Tropical Life Sciences Research.

Suratman, S., Awang, M., Ling, L. A., & Tahir, N. M. (2009). Kajian indeks kualiti air di lembangan Sungai Paka, Terengganu. Sains Malaysiana.

Varol, M. (2020). Spatio-temporal changes in surface water quality and sediment phosphorus content of a large reservoir in Turkey. Environmental Pollution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113860

Wahab, N. A., Amri Kamarudin, M. K., Toriman, M. E., Juahir, H., Md Saad, M. H., Ata, F. M., Ghazali, A., Hassan, A. R., Abdullah, H., Maulud, K. N., Hanafiah, M. M., & Harith, H. (2019). Sedimentation and water quality deterioration problems at Terengganu Riverbasin, Terengganu, Malaysia. Desalination and Water Treatment. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.23836

Wu, Z., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Cai, Y., & Deng, J. (2018). Assessing river water quality using water quality index in Lake Taihu Basin, China. Science of the Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.293




Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS)-Universitas Andalas (Unand). ISSN: 1858-2133 (print) & 2477-3484 (online)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
View JRS-Unand Stats